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Inland port
Port on an inland waterway

An inland port is a port on an inland waterway, such as a river, lake, or canal, which may or may not be connected to the sea. The term "inland port" is also used to refer to a dry port.

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Examples

The United States Army Corps of Engineers publishes biannually a list of such locations and for this purpose states that "inland ports" are ports that are located on rivers and do not handle deep draft ship traffic. The list includes ports such as St. Louis, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Kansas City, and Memphis. A dense network of inland waterways including ports exists also in Europe (France, Germany, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and the Benelux countries), as well as in China and Brazil.

List of inland waterway ports

Africa

Asia

Inland rivers

PortWater body
Bangladesh
Port of AshuganjMeghna River, Ganges Delta
Port of DhakaBuriganga River, Ganges Delta
Port of NarayanganjShitalakshya River, Ganges Delta
Port of KhulnaBhairab River, Ganges Delta
Port of PangaonBuriganga River, Ganges Delta
Cambodia
Phnom Penh Autonomous PortMekong River
China
Port of NanjingYangtze River
Port of WuhanYangtze River
Port of ChongqingYangtze River
Port of SuzhouYangtze River
Port of NantongYangtze River
Port of JiangyinYangtze River
LuzhouYangtze River
YibinYangtze River
YangzhouYangtze River, on China Grand Canal
JiningChina Grand Canal
Huai'anChina Grand Canal, on Huai River
Rongqi Port, ShundeBei River
JiangmenXi River
ZhaoqingXi River
India
Port of Budge BudgeGanges River
Port of DhulianGanges River (Padma)
Dhubri PortBrahmaputra River
Port of FarakkaGanges River
Port of JogigopaBrahmaputra River
Haldia Inland PortHooghly River, Ganges Delta
Port of KolaghatRupnarayan River
Kolkata Inland PortHooghly River, Ganges Delta
Port of MaiaGanges River (Padma)
Port of PakurGanges River
Port of PatnaGanges River
Port of SahebganjGanges River
Port of VaranasiGanges River
Russia
BarnaulOb River, on Barnaulka River
BiyskBiya River
KrasnoyarskYenisei River
YakutskLena River
Thailand
Ha Chiang PortMekong River

Europe

Inland rivers

PortWater bodyCoordinatesWebsiteFeatures and notes19
Germany
Duisburg Inland PortRhine River51°27′N 6°45′E / 51.45°N 6.75°E / 51.45; 6.75 (Duisburg-Port)duisport.de
Dortmund PortDortmund–Ems Canal51°32′N 7°26′E / 51.53°N 7.44°E / 51.53; 7.44 (Dortmund-Port)e-port-dortmund.de
United Kingdom
Port of LondonRiver Thames51°30′N 0°03′W / 51.50°N 0.05°W / 51.50; -0.05 (Port-of-London)pla.co.uk
Port of Manchester (including Manchester Docks)River Mersey53°28′N 2°17′W / 53.47°N 2.28°W / 53.47; -2.28 (Port-of-Manchester)pla.co.ukWas closed in 1982; being renovated as the Atlantic Gateway
Port of BristolRiver Avon51°30′N 2°42′W / 51.50°N 2.70°W / 51.50; -2.70 (Port-of-Bristol)bristolport.co.uk
Gloucester DocksGloucester and Sharpness Canal51°52′N 2°15′W / 51.86°N 2.25°W / 51.86; -2.25 (Gloucester-Docks)visitgloucester.co.uk
GooleRiver Ouse and Aire and Calder Navigation53°42′N 0°52′W / 53.70°N 0.87°W / 53.70; -0.87 (Goole)abports.co.uk
Port of WisbechRiver Nene52°40′N 0°10′E / 52.67°N 0.16°E / 52.67; 0.16 (Port-of-Wisbech)portofwisbech.co.uk
France
Autonomous Port of ParisSeine48°51′N 2°21′E / 48.85°N 2.35°E / 48.85; 2.35 (Autonomous-Port-of-Paris)
LyonRhone45°43′N 4°50′E / 45.71°N 4.83°E / 45.71; 4.83 (Port-of-Lyon)

North America

Great Lakes

Canada
PortProvinceWater bodyCoordinatesWebsiteFeatures and notes21
OshawaONLake Ontario43°53′N 78°52′W / 43.89°N 78.86°W / 43.89; -78.86 (Oshawa)
TorontoONLake Ontario196n. mi. L2243°40′01″N 79°25′01″W / 43.667°N 79.417°W / 43.667; -79.417 (Toronto)torontoport.comCA rank: 16
HamiltonONLake Ontario43°16′N 79°51′W / 43.26°N 79.85°W / 43.26; -79.85 (Hamilton)hamiltonport.caCA rank: 8
WindsorONDetroit River42°17′N 83°05′W / 42.29°N 83.09°W / 42.29; -83.09 (Windsor)portwindsor.comCA rank: 11
SarniaONSt. Clair River42°58′01″N 82°24′00″W / 42.967°N 82.4°W / 42.967; -82.4 (Sarnia)
GoderichONLake Huron43°43′59″N 81°42′00″W / 43.733°N 81.7°W / 43.733; -81.7 (Goderich)
Sault Ste. MarieONLake Superior46°32′N 84°21′W / 46.53°N 84.35°W / 46.53; -84.35 (Sault Ste. Marie)
Thunder BayONLake Superior48°25′N 89°17′W / 48.42°N 89.28°W / 48.42; -89.28 (Thunder Bay)Thunder Bay Port AuthorityCA rank: 9
KingstonONLake Ontario / Saint Lawrence River
NanticokeONLake Erie
United States
PortStateWater bodyCoordinatesWebsiteFeatures and notes23
OswegoNYLake Ontario43°27′29″N 76°30′11″W / 43.458°N 76.503°W / 43.458; -76.503 (Oswego)
BuffaloNYLake Erie42°52′41″N 78°53′42″W / 42.878°N 78.895°W / 42.878; -78.895 (Buffalo)portofbuffalo.comUS rank: 125
EriePALake Erie283n. mi. L2442°09′07″N 80°04′05″W / 42.152°N 80.068°W / 42.152; -80.068 (Erie)
ConneautOHLake Erie41°58′01″N 80°32′56″W / 41.967°N 80.549°W / 41.967; -80.549 (Conneaut)US rank: 79
AshtabulaOHLake Erie41°55′08″N 80°47′31″W / 41.919°N 80.792°W / 41.919; -80.792 (Ashtabula)US rank: 64
Fairport HarborOHLake Erie41°46′01″N 81°17′38″W / 41.767°N 81.294°W / 41.767; -81.294 (Fairport Harbor)US rank: 116
ClevelandOHLake Erie41°28′44″N 81°40′19″W / 41.479°N 81.672°W / 41.479; -81.672 (Cleveland)portofcleveland.comCleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority, US rank: 47
LorainOHLake Erie41°28′55″N 82°11′42″W / 41.482°N 82.195°W / 41.482; -82.195 (Lorain)US rank: 143
HuronOHLake Erie41°24′18″N 82°32′38″W / 41.405°N 82.544°W / 41.405; -82.544 (Huron)US rank: 149
SanduskyOHLake Erie41°28′12″N 82°42′43″W / 41.47°N 82.712°W / 41.47; -82.712 (Sandusky)US rank: 98
MarbleheadOHLake Erie41°31′48″N 82°42′32″W / 41.53°N 82.709°W / 41.53; -82.709 (Marblehead, Ohio)US rank: 91
ToledoOHLake Erie41°39′47″N 83°30′29″W / 41.663°N 83.508°W / 41.663; -83.508 (Toledo)toledoportauthority.orgToledo-Lucas County Port Authority, US rank: 48
MonroeMILake Erie41°54′54″N 83°23′28″W / 41.915°N 83.391°W / 41.915; -83.391 (Monroe)US rank: 96
DetroitMIDetroit River42°16′08″N 83°06′36″W / 42.269°N 83.11°W / 42.269; -83.11 (Detroit)portdetroit.comDetroit/Wayne County Port Authority, US rank: 42
Marine CityMISt. Clair River42°42′54″N 82°30′07″W / 42.715°N 82.502°W / 42.715; -82.502 (Marine City)
St. ClairMISt. Clair River42°49′37″N 82°29′38″W / 42.827°N 82.494°W / 42.827; -82.494 (St. Clair)US rank: 57
MarysvilleMISt. Clair River42°49′37″N 82°28′52″W / 42.827°N 82.481°W / 42.827; -82.481 (Marysville)
AlpenaMILake Huron45°03′22″N 83°25′19″W / 45.056°N 83.422°W / 45.056; -83.422 (Alpena)US rank: 100
Stoneport HarborMILake Huron45°16′52″N 83°28′12″W / 45.281°N 83.47°W / 45.281; -83.47 (Stoneport Harbor)US rank: 68
Port CalciteMILake Huron45°23′35″N 83°46′34″W / 45.393°N 83.776°W / 45.393; -83.776 (Port Calcite)US rank: 73
CharlevoixMILake Michigan45°18′47″N 85°14′35″W / 45.313°N 85.243°W / 45.313; -85.243 (Charlevoix)
ManisteeMILake Michigan44°15′04″N 86°20′38″W / 44.251°N 86.344°W / 44.251; -86.344 (Manistee)
MuskegonMILake Michigan43°11′42″N 86°21′00″W / 43.195°N 86.35°W / 43.195; -86.35 (Muskegon)US rank: 117
Grand HavenMILake Michigan43°04′01″N 86°14′10″W / 43.067°N 86.236°W / 43.067; -86.236 (Grand Haven)US rank: 145
Port of Indiana-Burns HarborINLake Michigan41°38′35″N 87°09′18″W / 41.643°N 87.155°W / 41.643; -87.155 (Burns Waterway Harbor)portsofindiana.com/burns_harbor US rank: 67
GaryINLake Michigan41°36′43″N 87°19′30″W / 41.612°N 87.325°W / 41.612; -87.325 (Gary)U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Huntington DistrictUS rank: 58
BuffingtonINLake Michigan41°38′42″N 87°24′58″W / 41.645°N 87.416°W / 41.645; -87.416 (Buffington)US rank: 128
Indiana HarborINLake Michigan41°40′34″N 87°26′42″W / 41.676°N 87.445°W / 41.676; -87.445 (Indiana Harbor)US rank: 49
ChicagoILLake Michigan41°53′13″N 87°38′17″W / 41.887°N 87.638°W / 41.887; -87.638 (Chicago)theportofchicago.com Archived 2016-05-03 at the Wayback MachineUS rank: 36
MilwaukeeWILake Michigan42°59′17″N 87°54′00″W / 42.988°N 87.9°W / 42.988; -87.9 (Milwaukee)www.port.mil.wi.us milwaukee.govUS rank: 95
Green BayWILake Michigan44°30′58″N 88°01′05″W / 44.516°N 88.018°W / 44.516; -88.018 (Green Bay)portofgreenbay.com US rank: 108
EscanabaMILake Michigan45°44′02″N 87°01′30″W / 45.734°N 87.025°W / 45.734; -87.025 (Escanaba)US rank: 75
Port InlandMILake Michigan45°57′18″N 85°51′47″W / 45.955°N 85.863°W / 45.955; -85.863 (Port Inland)US rank: 76
Port DolomiteMILake Huron45°59′06″N 84°16′30″W / 45.985°N 84.275°W / 45.985; -84.275 (Port Dolomite)US rank: 83
Drummond IslandMISt Marys River45°59′31″N 83°53′10″W / 45.992°N 83.886°W / 45.992; -83.886 (Drummond Island)US rank: 130
MarquetteMILake Superior46°30′40″N 87°17′13″W / 46.511°N 87.287°W / 46.511; -87.287 (Marquette)US rank: 135
Presque Isle HarborMILake Superior46°34′37″N 87°23′06″W / 46.577°N 87.385°W / 46.577; -87.385 (Presque Isle)US rank: 54
Twin Ports of Duluth-SuperiorMN, WILake Superior46°46′41″N 92°05′46″W / 46.778°N 92.096°W / 46.778; -92.096 (Duluth–Superior)duluthport.com US rank: 18
Two HarborsMNLake Superior47°00′14″N 91°39′47″W / 47.004°N 91.663°W / 47.004; -91.663 (Two Harbors)US rank: 41
Silver BayMNLake Superior47°17′02″N 91°16′34″W / 47.284°N 91.276°W / 47.284; -91.276 (Silver Bay)US rank: 65
TaconiteMNLake Superior47°31′23″N 90°55′44″W / 47.523°N 90.929°W / 47.523; -90.929 (Taconite)
Sault Ste. MarieMISt. Marys River

Rivers and inland

Canada
PortProvinceWater bodyCoordinatesWebsiteFeatures and notes25
Port-CartierQCSt Lawrence River49°57′00″N 66°58′01″W / 49.95°N 66.967°W / 49.95; -66.967 (Port-Cartier)qcmines.com
Baie-ComeauQCSt Lawrence River49°14′20″N 68°07′44″W / 49.239°N 68.129°W / 49.239; -68.129 (Baie-Comeau)tc.gc.ca
SaguenayQCSaguenay River48°24′07″N 70°49′55″W / 48.402°N 70.832°W / 48.402; -70.832 (Saguenay)portsaguenay.caCA rank: 18
QuébecQCSt Lawrence River46°48′47″N 71°13′08″W / 46.813°N 71.219°W / 46.813; -71.219 (Québec)portquebec.caCA rank: 5
Trois-RivièresQCSt Lawrence River46°21′N 72°33′W / 46.35°N 72.55°W / 46.35; -72.55 (Trois-Rivières)porttr.comCA rank: 15
MontréalQCSt Lawrence Seaway, St Lawrence River On. mi. L26 1000 n. mi. to deep water45°30′32″N 73°33′14″W / 45.509°N 73.554°W / 45.509; -73.554 (Montréal)port-montreal.comCA rank: 4
United States
PortStateWater bodyCoordinatesWebsiteFeatures and notes27
MinneapolisMNupper Mississippi River, 839 mi. R2844°59′38″N 93°16′26″W / 44.994°N 93.274°W / 44.994; -93.274 (Minneapolis)Closed29
St. PaulMNupper Mississippi River, 839 mi. L3044°57′07″N 93°03′43″W / 44.952°N 93.062°W / 44.952; -93.062 (St. Paul)US rank: 74
Rock IslandILupper Mississippi River, 483 mi. L3141°29′20″N 90°34′01″W / 41.489°N 90.567°W / 41.489; -90.567 (Rock Island)
St. Louis and East St. LouisMO, ILupper Mississippi River 180 mi. R,32 Missouri River 0 mi. R3338°34′N 90°14′W / 38.57°N 90.23°W / 38.57; -90.23 (St. Louis)missouriports.orgUS rank: 24
CairoILMississippi River lower 954 mi. L,34 upper 0 mi. L;35 Ohio River 981 mi. R3637°00′47″N 89°10′01″W / 37.013°N 89.167°W / 37.013; -89.167 (Cairo)
MemphisTNMississippi River, 735 mi. L3735°10′55″N 90°03′43″W / 35.182°N 90.062°W / 35.182; -90.062 (Memphis)portofmemphis.comUS rank: 45
HelenaARMississippi River, 663 mi. R3834°31′19″N 90°34′59″W / 34.522°N 90.583°W / 34.522; -90.583 (Helena)US rank: 120
GreenvilleMSMississippi River, 532 mi. R3933°21′32″N 91°07′37″W / 33.359°N 91.127°W / 33.359; -91.127 (Greenville)US rank: 90
VicksburgMSMississippi River, 436 mi. L4032°20′06″N 90°54′04″W / 32.335°N 90.901°W / 32.335; -90.901 (Vicksburg)US rank: 81
NatchezMSMississippi River, 363 mi. L4131°33′14″N 91°23′17″W / 31.554°N 91.388°W / 31.554; -91.388 (Natchez)
Baton RougeLAMississippi River, 228 mi. R4230°25′23″N 91°11′56″W / 30.423°N 91.199°W / 30.423; -91.199 (Baton Rouge)portgbr.com US rank: 14
New OrleansLAMississippi River, 103 mi. L4329°54′50″N 90°05′06″W / 29.914°N 90.085°W / 29.914; -90.085 (New Orleans)portno.comUS rank: 744
Sioux CityIAMissouri River, 732 mi. L4542°29′20″N 96°25′05″W / 42.489°N 96.418°W / 42.489; -96.418 (Sioux City)46
LewistonIDColumbia River46°26′02″N 116°56′06″W / 46.434°N 116.935°W / 46.434; -116.935 (Lewiston)portoflewiston.com
Kansas CityMOMissouri River, 370 mi. R4739°06′54″N 94°36′29″W / 39.115°N 94.608°W / 39.115; -94.608 (Kansas City)kcportauthority.comUS rank: 5248
PittsburghPAAllegheny, Monongahela, Ohio rivers, 0 mi.4940°26′31″N 80°00′58″W / 40.442°N 80.016°W / 40.442; -80.016 (Pittsburgh)port.pittsburgh.pa.usUS rank: 2250
HuntingtonWV, KY, OHOhio River, 309 mi. L, elev. 515 ft.5138°26′02″N 82°25′12″W / 38.434°N 82.42°W / 38.434; -82.42 (Huntington)US rank: 1052
CincinnatiOHOhio River, 472 mi. R5339°05′38″N 84°30′18″W / 39.094°N 84.505°W / 39.094; -84.505 (Cincinnati)US rank: 4354
LouisvilleKYOhio River, 604 mi. L5538°15′50″N 85°45′40″W / 38.264°N 85.761°W / 38.264; -85.761 (Louisville)US rank: 6656
Port of Indiana-JeffersonvilleINOhio Riverportsofindiana.com/jeffersonville
Tell City RiverportINOhio River, 727 mi. R5737°56′17″N 86°46′05″W / 37.938°N 86.768°W / 37.938; -86.768 (Tell City)www.pcrailport.net
Port of Indiana-Mount VernonINOhio River, 829 mi. R5837°55′19″N 87°52′30″W / 37.922°N 87.875°W / 37.922; -87.875 (Mount Vernon)portsofindiana.com/mount_vernonUS rank: 6959
NashvilleTNCumberland River36°09′54″N 86°46′30″W / 36.165°N 86.775°W / 36.165; -86.775 (Nashville)US rank: 8660
ChattanoogaTNTennessee River35°01′26″N 85°19′37″W / 35.024°N 85.327°W / 35.024; -85.327 (Chattanooga)US rank: 10561
BirmingportALBlack Warrior River – Locust Fork
GuntersvilleALTennessee River34°22′26″N 86°17′17″W / 34.374°N 86.288°W / 34.374; -86.288 (Guntersville)US rank: 11062
DecaturALTennessee River34°34′52″N 86°58′59″W / 34.581°N 86.983°W / 34.581; -86.983 (Decatur)decaturtransit.com63
Tuscaloosa – NorthportALBlack Warrior River
MontgomeryALAlabama River
TulsaOKArkansas River, Kerr/McClellan Navigational Channel6436°13′05″N 95°44′24″W / 36.218°N 95.74°W / 36.218; -95.74 (Tulsa)tulsaport.comTulsa USACE: Kerr-McClellan Arkansas River Navigation System
Shreveport-BossierLARed River32°30′54″N 93°44′24″W / 32.515°N 93.74°W / 32.515; -93.74 (Shreveport-Bossier)portsb.com 65
AlbanyNYHudson River42°38′35″N 73°44′53″W / 42.643°N 73.748°W / 42.643; -73.748 (Albany)portofalbany.com US rank: 63
Port ColumbusGAChattahoochee River32°27′00″N 84°58′59″W / 32.45°N 84.983°W / 32.45; -84.983 (Columbus, Georgia)
Port BainbridgeGALake Seminole30°54′18″N 84°34′16″W / 30.905°N 84.571°W / 30.905; -84.571 (Bainbridge)gaports.com
Walla WallaWAColumbia, Snake rivers46°03′54″N 118°19′48″W / 46.065°N 118.33°W / 46.065; -118.33 (Walla Walla)portwallawalla.com
PortlandORColumbia, Willamette rivers45°33′40″N 122°42′39″W / 45.561223°N 122.710922°W / 45.561223; -122.710922portofportland.comU.S. Rank: 28
SacramentoCASacramento River38°33′22″N 121°28′08″W / 38.556°N 121.469°W / 38.556; -121.469 (Sacramento)portofsacramento.com
StocktonCASan Joaquin River37°57′11″N 121°18′58″W / 37.953°N 121.316°W / 37.953; -121.316 (Stockton)portofstockton.comUS rank: 111
Port of PhiladelphiaPADelaware River
Port of RichmondVAJames River66

South America

See also

Notes

  • Canada ranking from Transport Canada.67
  • Saint Lawrence Seaway distances from Seaway Handbook.68
  • United States ranking from American Association of Port Authorities.69
  • Upper Mississippi River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.70
  • Lower Mississippi River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.71
  • Ohio River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.72
  • Missouri River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.73
  • Mississippi Basin ports marked.74
  • Some ports were part of the Dubai Ports World controversy.75

References

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  14. Kang'ereha, Dorcas (10 April 2018). "Tender for upgrade of Kigoma Port in Tanzania re-advertised". Nairobi: Construction Review Online. https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/04/tender-for-upgrade-of-kigoma-port-in-tanzania-re-advertised/

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  16. Frederic Musisi, and Mark Keith Muhumuza (29 April 2016). "Tanga pipeline to take more than just oil to sea". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 21 November 2018. https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Tanga-pipeline-to-take-more-than-just-oil-to-sea/688334-3180902-format-xhtml-9qa1nl/index.html

  17. Uganda Radio Network (16 November 2017). "Uganda, Tanzania to revive Port Bell-Mwanza marine route". The Observer (Uganda) Quoting Uganda Radio Network. Kampala. Retrieved 21 November 2018. https://observer.ug/news/headlines/55987-uganda-tanzania-to-revive-port-bell-mwanza-marine-route.html

  18. Sinyangwe, Henry (11 June 2017). "Mpulungu to handle more cargo". Zambia Daily Mail. Lusaka. Retrieved 21 November 2018. http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/mpulungu-to-handle-more-cargo/

  19. Marine Transportation Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Table 8-17," Canada's Marine Domestic &International Traffic Handled for CPA's and Other Ports, 2003–2004" Transportation in Canada 2005, Transport Canada; domestic and foreign in megatonnes. http://www.tc.gc.ca/pol/en/Report/anre2005/8F_e.htm

  20. Official website https://www.portoflappeenranta.fi/In-English/Port-of-Lappeenranta

  21. Marine Transportation Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Table 8-17," Canada's Marine Domestic &International Traffic Handled for CPA's and Other Ports, 2003–2004" Transportation in Canada 2005, Transport Canada; domestic and foreign in megatonnes. http://www.tc.gc.ca/pol/en/Report/anre2005/8F_e.htm

  22. Distance from the Montreal start of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in nautical miles; for river sides facing down stream L=left, R=right. Seaway Handbook Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Complete 2006 Edition. Also Trade Mission Brochure Archived 2019-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System. /wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway

  23. Port rankings by tonnage from [AAPA website], accessed 2 Oct 2012 http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U.S.%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf

  24. Distance from the Montreal start of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in nautical miles; for river sides facing down stream L=left, R=right. Seaway Handbook Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Complete 2006 Edition. Also Trade Mission Brochure Archived 2019-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System. /wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway

  25. Marine Transportation Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Table 8-17," Canada's Marine Domestic &International Traffic Handled for CPA's and Other Ports, 2003–2004" Transportation in Canada 2005, Transport Canada; domestic and foreign in megatonnes. http://www.tc.gc.ca/pol/en/Report/anre2005/8F_e.htm

  26. Distance from the Montreal start of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in nautical miles; for river sides facing down stream L=left, R=right. Seaway Handbook Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Complete 2006 Edition. Also Trade Mission Brochure Archived 2019-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System. /wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway

  27. Port rankings by tonnage from [AAPA website], accessed 2 Oct 2012 http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U.S.%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf

  28. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  29. "Minneapolis moves to close Upper Harbor Terminal". 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2016-08-04. http://fmr.org/minneapolis-moves-close-upper-harbor-terminal

  30. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  31. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  32. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  33. Distance up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/St._Louis

  34. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  35. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  36. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  37. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  38. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  39. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  40. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  41. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  42. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  43. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  44. Dubai Ports World controversy /wiki/Dubai_Ports_World_controversy

  45. Distance up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/St._Louis

  46. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  47. Distance up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/St._Louis

  48. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  49. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  50. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  51. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  52. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  53. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  54. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  55. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  56. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  57. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  58. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  59. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  60. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  61. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  62. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  63. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  64. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  65. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  66. "Port of Richmond". Archived from the original on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2011-04-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20110906023649/http://www.richmondgov.com/PortOfRichmond/index.aspx

  67. Marine Transportation Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Table 8-17," Canada's Marine Domestic &International Traffic Handled for CPA's and Other Ports, 2003–2004" Transportation in Canada 2005, Transport Canada; domestic and foreign in megatonnes. http://www.tc.gc.ca/pol/en/Report/anre2005/8F_e.htm

  68. Distance from the Montreal start of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in nautical miles; for river sides facing down stream L=left, R=right. Seaway Handbook Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Complete 2006 Edition. Also Trade Mission Brochure Archived 2019-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System. /wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway

  69. Port rankings by tonnage from [AAPA website], accessed 2 Oct 2012 http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U.S.%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf

  70. Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Cairo,_Illinois

  71. Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts[dead link], Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts. /wiki/Head_of_Passes

  72. Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/Pittsburgh

  73. Distance up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. /wiki/St._Louis

  74. Mississippi watershed /wiki/Drainage_basin

  75. Dubai Ports World controversy /wiki/Dubai_Ports_World_controversy